Glossy Buckthorn
Glossy buckthorn grows in dense thickets that crowd and shade out native shrubs and herbaceous species. Severe infestations may limit the regeneration of native tree seedlings.
Common Name: Glossy buckthorn
Scientific Name: Frangula alnus
Native Range: Europe, Asia
Background
Glossy buckthorn (Rhamnus frangula) is a deciduous shrub or small tree that can reach heights of 20 feet. Its main stem can grow up to 10 inches in diameter but is more commonly 1-3 inches in shrub form. Leaves are dark-green and glossy on top with a dull underside. They are alternate along the branch with 8-9 pairs distinct upcurved veins. Small, round, black berries ripen in the fall and serve as the primary spread mechanism for this species.
Habitat
Glossy buckthorn is adapted to a wide variety of site conditions and may be found along forest edges, rights-of-way, in canopy openings, and open forested wetlands. It is often associated with moist soil.
NYS Distribution Map
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Identification
Glossy buckthorn is a small perennial shrub or small tree that grows in lightly shaded areas. The glossy leaves can grow opposite or in an alternating pattern along the stem, and they are oval or egg-shaped with small, serrated teeth. Each branch has a short thorn at its tip, and thorns also might be found at the fork between branches. Buckthorn flowers are yellowish to green and appear from May to June. The small berries are dark purple to black and ripen in August or September. They are often attached to the plant throughout winter.
Impact
Glossy buckthorn grows in dense thickets that crowd and shade out native shrubs and herbaceous species. Severe infestations may limit the regeneration of native tree seedlings.
Prevention and Control
Mechanical
Small plants can be removed with a shovel or weed wrench. The entire root system must be removed to prevent resprouting. Remove plants before fruit production to minimize additional spread.
Chemical
Selective herbicide applications can be used to control larger individuals or infestations. Glyphosate can be applied as a foliar spray or cut stem application. For best results, treatments should be performed during periods of active growth and full leaf expansion. Triclopyr based products can be used as a basal bark spray. Always consult and follow the herbicide product label.
